CIE 9618 计算机 个人Keyword笔记

A-level Computer Science P1&2

自己当时复习时整理的一些常考且难记的Keywords，以及一些容易混淆的概念。

Paper 1 Theory Fundamentals

synchronise 同步

geographical area 地理范围

resistive touchscreen 电阻屏

capacitive touchscreen 电容屏

coordinate 坐标

precision 精确度

executable file 可执行文件

run–length encoding 比如: B10 A3

attenuation 衰减

penetration 穿墙

interference 干扰

DNS: a hierarchical distributed database installed on domain name servers that is responsible for mapping a domain name to an IP address.

hybrid network 混合网络

Twisted pair 双绞线

Coaxial 铜线

Fibre-optic 光纤

CSMA/CD (carrier sense multiple access with collision detection)

IPv4 address: a 32-bit long, hierarchical address of a device on the Internet

Embedded 嵌入式

light-emitting diodes 发光二极管

Logic proposition: a statement that is either TRUE or FALSE

Logic expression: logic propositions combined using Boolean operators, which may be equated to a defined outcome

Accumulator ACC寄存器

Word: a small number of bytes that can be handled as a unit by the computer system

Interrupt 中断

Sensor 传感器

Actuator 执行器

anti-virus 杀毒软件

compiler 编译器

interpreter 解释器

Data integrity 数据完整性: a requirement for data to be accurate and up to date

Data privacy 数据隐私: a requirement for data to be available only to authorised users

Malware 恶意软件

Data validation 数据有效检查

Data verification 数据准确检查

Ethics 道德

Encryption加密

cipher密文

Data redundancy 数据重复

Column, Attribute 列，竖着

Row, Tuple, instance, entity 行，横着

Referential integrity 数据完整: the use of a foreign key to ensure that a value can only be entered in one table when the same value already exists in the referenced table

DBMS (Database Management System)

数据库管理系统

Query 选择查询

Paper 2 Fundamental Problem-solving and Programming Skills

Bubble sort: a sort method where adjacent pairs of values are compared and swapped

Dynamic syntax checks: Highlight syntax errors as the code is entered

Context-sensitive prompts: Suggest the code to add // automatically complete statements

Single stepping: Run the code one line at a time so the values can be checked

rapid application development 快速软件开发

waterfall life cycle 瀑布开发

iterative 迭代开发

parameter 参数 比如: time(nowtime)

arguments 参数 比如: time(1200)

Algorithm: a sequence of defined steps that can be carried out to perform a task

区分 Stepwise refinement: breaking down the steps of an outline solution into smaller and smaller steps

和 Decomposition: breaking down problems into sub-problems, leading to the concept of a program module.

Nested loop嵌套循环: loop containing another loop

Syntax error: an error in which a program statement does not follow the rules of the language

Logic error: an error in the logic of the solution that causes it not to behave as intended

Run-time error: an error that causes program execution to crash or freeze

Black-box testing: comparing expected results with actual results when a program is run

White-box testing: testing every path through the program code

Dry-run (walk through): the process of checking the execution of an algorithm or program by recording variable values in a trace table

Alpha testing: testing of soft ware in-house by dedicated testers

Acceptance testing: testing of soft ware by customers before sign-off

Beta testing: testing of soft ware by a limited number of chosen users before general release

Corrective maintenance: correcting identified errors

Adaptive maintenance: amending a program to enhance functionality or in response to specification changes

Perfective maintenance: modifying a program to improve performance or maintainability

Breakpoints: Stop the code at a specific line to check the current progress / values